What happened to participatory democracy platforms?

As we go looking for “interfaces” I have a rather bleak prediction. My bet is that you will find lots of groups and platforms but that their glory days will be behind them.

I think there are many reasons for it, and I am sure many of them are well understood. But I I have one hypothesis for a partial explanation that I think is often overlooked.

In order to build and maintain open source tools like Decidim and their ilk you need a large enough number of ideologically motivated technologists who are willing to spend their valuable time on developing and promoting them. About 10 years ago this category of builders, that had made things like Decidim, Loomio, Consul and Pol.is, started being sucked up by the DWeb movement - with its blockchains and other such decentralized protocols and ideologies. I’m not saying the same people left for the blockchain space, but that the people who would once have built in the civic tech space now were more attracted to the various strands of decentralized internet anarchism that came with the DWeb space. Platforms like these might be the directions to look into if you want to find communities that alive and kicking.

In contrast to the participatory democracy space, which was usually essentially vaguely left-wing, the DWeb space has projects that range from anarcho-capitalist cyberpunk to syndicalist solar-punk. Because blockchains allow you to do all sorts of strange things on protocol level, like tying financial investments to voting power or enacting experimental strategies like quadratic voting, the ideological divide had real consequences and completely splintered the space.

Consider platforms like Loomio, Decidim or Pol.is. Unless you are fundamentally opposed to democracy, these tools have very vague ideological blueprints. You could envision using these tools regardless of if you wanted to work towards an anarcho-capitalist Network State alá Balaji Srinivasan or an establishment New European Bauhaus.

But the same is not true when you embed your values into the protocols of the tools you build.

CityDAO, influenced by the Network State movement, operates on a membership model where governance rights are typically tied to NFT ownership, allowing members to buy, sell, or transfer their participation. To left-leaning communities seeking wealth redistribution or collective safety nets, it can feel deeply at odds with their values.

FairCoop, on the other hand, is a left-wing blockchain project. Its currency, FairCoin, was designed to discourage speculation and spread value more equally. Governance happens via assemblies rather than token-weighted votes, reflecting cooperative ideals.

Unlike generic civic tech platforms, their built-in ideologies make them far less flexible across the political divide.

These ideological DWeb projects have, I think, captured most of the crowd that would otherwise have built and promoted the use of participatory democracy platforms. What they have not managed to do however is win any significant adoption outside of a small fringe of hackers, hipsters and hippes. DWeb is just way to complicated for most people to use. There are lots of them and they are not interoperable, so the space is increasingly balkanized and nobody gains any momentum that can move the needle.

So if the platforms are not successful at having an impact in the ”real world” - why are there so many of them and so many people building them? Of course, the answer is that the space has been absolutely showered with crypto-cash. People have been able to make a good living building tools for a small cabal. And many inside this bubble, across the ideological divide, started believing that they didn’t need to talk to the muggles at all. They believed (and many still do) that the hegemony of nation states is falling and all they need to do is build and bide their time.

Combine these factors and you have one explanation for why the civic tech space slowed down in the last 10 years.

However, I do see some hope on the horizon for civic tech outside the DWeb. Making tools for the web is no longer as difficult as it once was. Someone with rudimentary technical skills can now build basic software that looks and feels pretty darn good, with the help of AI platforms like Cursor or Lovable. I think this might potentially come to the rescue of civic tech. If all you need is a weekend of free time to build a bespoke community platform for your local cooperative, that looks and feels exactly right for your vibe, that could make things very interesting.

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I will also add that there is of course another more important reason for why these platforms are somewhat abandoned. They just never worked as well as we had hoped, and people’s patience ran short.

Madrid’s online engagement platform Decide Madrid attracted almost half a million sign-ups. But of the 28,000 legislative proposals submitted by residents since 2015, only one became policy. Sign-ups have declined dramatically.

Beth Simone Noveck

This report on the learnings from Madrid might be of interest.

However, 28,000 proposals from real citizens is an order of magnitude above what the DWeb platforms manage to musters, and yet that’s where more of the action is today.

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These are two fantastic posts, @hugi . Thank you.

Ironically, I find myself drawn back to the main thrust of my own Wikicrazia (2010!): the form of participation where we know the Internet has an edge is not deliberation/decision making, but informed debate. By partaking respectfully, the decision maker can learn much, but she or he will then have to make her or his decisions, and own them. “An online platform does not have any accountability, therefore an online platform must never be allowed to make a management decision.”

On these bases, though I was an early mover in this space, I always refused to associate myself closely with platforms for public decision-making. I could never figure out how to beat the strategic incentives that come with decision-making power. However, I was very interested in watching people braver than I, like Hugi himself, engage!

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@hugi, I am re-reading and wanted to check that this definition of DWeb is acceptable for the purposes of your posts:

ping @pedro_prieto_martin

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More or less, yes. I take it to include everything from transaction blockchains like Ethereum to distributed files systems like IPFS. In my particular case I’m talking about the governance stuff that has been built with DWeb protocols like DAOs, GitCoin, etc.

The Wikipedia article is heavy on the Fediverse (and Mastodon is where I hang out these days, having mothballed both Twitter and Facebook and never embraced Insta, TikTok etc.). Do you also consider it part of your vision? You could argue that ActivityPub encodes the values of autonomy and decentralization of power, but my experience of using Mastodon daily does not contradict the possibility that somewhere someone has started a nazi.social instance and is happily sharing memes of gassed kittens with their kamaraden.

But those market-fundamentalist DAOs, definitely. Definitely from “code is law” to “code is ideology”.

Ah yes, true. And even Bluesky which seems to be an even more popular Twitter replacement is federated. But Mastodon is a social network and to the best of my knowledge nobody is seriously attempting to do any participatory governance or in depth deliberation between stakeholders with Mastodon. My theory only concerns why participatory democracy platforms are seeing less action on the WWW, while participatory governance (DAOs, Quadratic voting and funding is still seeing action on the DWeb.

I am also unaware of it, but it could be done.

In The Reef , we use this very forum to manage our project. The decision making does not happen on the forum, except in the case of “online consent”, but the deliberation that preceeds and informs decision-making is. The principle is to “prepare the meeting”: we do not have time for lengthy discussions during a plenary meeting, or we can only discuss one topic. So, we discuss online, and then decide offline, on the basis of an argument already-clarified online.

All of this could easily be done on a Mastodon instance. The advantage of Mastodon over a (centralized) discourse forum is that people could partecipate through any tool of their choice, as long as it supports ActivityPub.

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Indeed, this is usually the way to go, especially for a small community. Blivande has always done it this way. And you barely need an special interface for it. Discourse and other forum software make it nicer, but it works reasonably well with an email list for people that are used to that interface. Come to think of it, this approach really predates the internet. It is basically the equivalent of discussing an issue through open correspondence in an paper-and-ink journals (think The Federalist Papers of the late 1780s that promoted the ratification of the US constitution), ahead of in-person conventions.

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Thank you both, I feel this is an important conversation in the project context.

I was wondering if we could use Hugi’s hypothesis, which touches an vital question inherent to our research, and do some ethnography within Interfaced.

Example - we reach out to communities (leaders) organised around these platforms and engage them in round tables/seminars about the rise and fall of the civic tech.

Here are some of the topics that come to mind:

  • Community & platform evolution
  • Civic tech vs. DWeb: motivations & transitions
  • Barriers to adoption & sustainability in civic tech
  • Ideological & structural design in tech platforms
  • Tech accessibility & future opportunities
  • Rebuilding momentum in the civic tech space?

Such conversations should definitely include questions such as recruitment, funding, relationship to AI and, considering the period Interfaced is focusing on, the difference in participation through COVID and after it.

I believe we could find a crowd willing to share and discuss and produce some interesting conversations.
Am I being too optimistic?